It is estimated that by the year 2045, over 700 million people worldwide will have diabetes, according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). This condition is not just a matter of blood sugar control, it also has significant implications on the overall health and quality of life of those affected. One of the lesser-known yet potentially debilitating complications of diabetes is foot complications, which include a range of problems from dry skin and calluses to more serious issues like foot ulcers and amputation. Recent studies reveal that approximately 25% of people with diabetes experience foot complications at some point in their lives. Given the severity and prevalence of these complications, foot care for people with diabetes becomes a matter of vital importance. This document aims to provide comprehensive guidance on why foot care in diabetes is essential, along with practical tips on how to maintain healthy feet while managing your diabetes.
Why Foot Care is Important for People with Diabetes
Prevention of Foot Ulcers and Infections
High blood sugar levels in people with diabetes can lead to nerve damage in the feet, often reducing feeling and leading to foot injuries going unnoticed. Regular foot care can prevent small cuts or blisters from turning into ulcers that could potentially become infected. From wearing non-elastic socks and well-fitting shoes to checking your feet daily, there are several ways to prevent foot ulcers from developing. Even if an infection does occur, proper foot care can help prevent it from becoming severe and potentially leading to amputation.
Avoidance of Serious Complications
If left untreated, foot ulcers and infections can lead to serious complications, such as gangrene and amputation. Therefore, maintaining good foot hygiene and care is critical in early detection and treatment. It can also help prevent other diabetes-related complications, such as nerve damage and heart disease. For people with diabetes, proper foot care is essential in maintaining overall health and reducing the risk of serious complications.
Improvement in Quality of Life
Good foot health can significantly improve mobility and independence, thereby enhancing the overall quality of life for those with diabetes. By preventing foot complications, individuals can continue to perform daily activities without any hindrances. This includes activities like walking, exercising, and even wearing their favorite shoes comfortably. In addition, proper foot care can also prevent pain and discomfort, making it essential for maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle.
How-Tos of Foot Care for People with Diabetes
Inspect Daily
Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, red spots, and swelling. Use a mirror or ask someone else to help you if you cannot see the bottoms of your feet. For people with nerve damage, these symptoms may not be noticeable without a close inspection. If you do notice any issues, seek medical advice and treatment promptly. When examining your feet, also look for changes in color and temperature.
Wash Feet in Warm Water
Keep your feet clean by washing them every day in warm, not hot, water. Dry them gently, especially between the toes. Avoid soaking your feet, as it can dry out the skin and lead to cracks or sores. You could utilize an unscented lotion to keep the skin from cracking but do not apply it between your toes. Bath salt or mild soap can also be used, but avoid using any harsh chemicals. On a side note, always remember to test the water temperature using your elbow or hand, as nerve damage can affect the sensitivity of your feet.
Get Regular Foot Check-ups
Have your healthcare provider check your feet at every visit, and have a comprehensive foot exam at least once a year. A podiatrist should be a part of your diabetes care team, and they can help detect any potential foot problems early on. Moreover, if you notice any changes in your feet, seek medical advice immediately. Whether you might be in need of blood flow supplementation or a specific cream for your issue, visiting a doctor will be the best way to go about this. When it comes to foot care for people with diabetes, early detection and treatment are crucial in preventing serious complications.
Moisturize but Not Between the Toes
Use a moisturizer to prevent your feet from cracking. However, do not apply it between your toes as it might lead to infection. Look for a cream or lotion that is specifically designed for proper foot care for people with diabetes. Urea creams offer better hydration but consult with your doctor before using any products. Moreover, avoid using talcum powder or cornstarch as they can irritate the skin.
Never Go Barefoot
Always wear shoes or slippers to protect your feet from injuries. Wear socks without elastic to prevent constriction and reduce the risk of blisters. Choose shoes that fit well and provide enough room for your toes. Avoid wearing high heels or pointy-toed shoes as they can cause pressure points on your feet. Moreover, always check your shoes for foreign objects before putting them on.
Choose the Right Footwear
Wear comfortable shoes that fit well and protect your feet. Consider shoes made specifically for people with diabetes. They are typically made of soft leather and have a wider toe box. Shoes with Velcro straps or closures can also be a better option than laces. Additionally, avoid wearing the same pair of shoes every day to prevent excess wear and tear. On a side note, try to break in new shoes gradually to avoid any potential blisters.
Trim Your Toenails Carefully
Trim your toenails straight across and file the edges to prevent ingrown toenails. It is best to cut your nails after a bath or shower when they are softer. If you have nerve damage, consult with a podiatrist for professional nail care. In some cases, they may recommend avoiding self-care entirely. For example, if you have poor blood flow or nerve damage, do not attempt to remove corns or calluses yourself. Consult a podiatrist, and they will help you manage any foot issues safely.
Taking care of your feet is critical for people with diabetes. With proper foot care and hygiene, it is possible to prevent complications like ulcers and infections. Remember to inspect your feet daily, wash and moisturize them regularly, avoid going barefoot, and wear comfortable shoes that fit well. By following these simple steps and getting regular foot check-ups, you can maintain healthy feet and minimize the risk of serious complications. Diabetes care is not just about managing blood sugar levels, it’s also about taking care of your feet and overall well-being. So make foot care a priority in your diabetes management plan, and enjoy the benefits of healthy, happy feet.
